Sample size: 42 sevenths and eighths grade students. The sample was comprised of 21 program students and 21 control students.
Risk Status: All students were identified as having a learning disability via a discrepancy model following state of Ohio guidelines.
Demographics:
|
Program Number |
Program Percentage |
Control Number |
Control Percentage |
Cox Index |
Grade level |
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Kindergarten |
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Grade 1 |
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Grade 2 |
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Grade 3 |
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Grade 4 |
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Grade 5 |
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Grade 6 |
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Grade 7 |
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Grade 8 |
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Grade 9 |
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Grade 10 |
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Grade 11 |
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Grade 12 |
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Race-ethnicity |
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African-American |
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American Indian |
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Asian/Pacific Islander |
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Hispanic |
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White |
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Other |
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Socioeconomic status |
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Subsidized lunch |
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No subsidized lunch |
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Disability status |
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Speech-language impairments |
|
|
|
|
|
Learning disabilities |
21 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
0.00 |
Behavior disorders |
|
|
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Mental retardation |
|
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|
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Other |
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Not identified with a disability |
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ELL status |
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English language learner |
|
|
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|
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Not English language learner |
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|
|
Gender |
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Female |
7 |
33 |
8 |
38 |
0.13 |
Male |
14 |
67 |
13 |
62 |
0.13 |
Training of Instructors: The instructor was a graduate student who had earned a Master's Degree in reading education. He was a certified teacher and had taught high school language arts. He read the instructor's manual and was trained by the first author to implement the instruction.